Which sign might indicate increased intracranial pressure in a patient?

Pupillary dilation is a significant sign that may indicate increased intracranial pressure (ICP). When ICP rises, it can lead to compression of the optic nerve or pressure on the midbrain, which affects the muscles controlling the pupil. This response can result in one or both pupils becoming dilated, and it is often referred to as midriasis.

The presence of pupillary dilation, especially if it occurs suddenly or is associated with other neurological deficits, warrants immediate attention as it can be a signaling factor for conditions such as traumatic brain injury, hemorrhage, or tumors, all of which may elevate ICP. Monitoring pupils is a crucial part of a neurological assessment in emergency situations.

The other choices, while they may present in various medical conditions, do not correlate specifically with increased intracranial pressure. A dry mouth might be indicative of dehydration or certain medications; hyperactivity typically suggests a different range of issues possibly related to metabolic or psychiatric conditions; and a decreased heart rate is not a common sign of increased ICP, as changes in heart rate are usually more variable and can be affected by many factors, including autonomic nervous system responses.