Which brain area is primarily responsible for language and memory functions?

The cerebrum is primarily responsible for language and memory functions due to its roles in higher cognitive processes. This area of the brain is divided into two hemispheres, each containing lobes that facilitate various functions. Critical to language processing are regions in the left hemisphere, including Broca's area, which is essential for speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is involved in language comprehension.

In addition to language, the cerebrum also plays a significant role in memory. The hippocampus, located within the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum, is crucial for forming new memories and connecting them to existing knowledge. The frontal lobes are also involved in executive functions like decision-making and planning, which can relate to memory processes as well.

The other areas mentioned have distinct functions; for example, the cerebellum primarily coordinates voluntary movements and balance, the brainstem controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, and the diencephalon is integral to sensory relay and autonomic control. Thus, the cerebrum is the central hub for the complexities of language and memory, making it the correct answer in this context.